Changing Family Structures: A Sociological Study on the Impact of Divorce on Children’s Socialization (Author: Dr. Veeresha M)

Abstract

Family remains the primary agent of socialization for children, shaping their emotional, cognitive, and social development. However, with the increasing incidence of divorce in both global and Indian contexts—particularly in urban centres like Bengaluru—the traditional family structure is undergoing a profound transformation. This sociological study investigates the multifaceted impact of divorce on children’s socialization by examining emotional stability, academic performance, behavioural patterns, peer relationships, and access to parental and institutional support. Employing a descriptive and analytical research design, data were collected from 150 children (100 from divorced families and 50 from intact families) in Bengaluru using structured interviews, focus group discussions, school counsellor feedback, and psychological assessments. Quantitative data analysis using SPSS and qualitative thematic analysis revealed that children from divorced families exhibited significantly higher levels of anxiety (62%), lower academic achievement (48%), and greater difficulty in forming friendships (41%) than their peers from intact families. Qualitative findings emphasized role confusion, emotional neglect, stigma, and reduced classroom participation. The study also identified the mitigating role of schools, peer groups, and extended families in the socialization process. Based on these insights, the study recommends policy-level interventions such as mandatory family counselling during divorce, incorporation of emotional well-being in school curricula, appointment of trained counsellors, and community-based child support systems. This research underscores the urgent need for holistic, cross-sectoral strategies to support children navigating post-divorce environments and foster inclusive social development.